Chapter Seven Social and Life

光华启迪英语组-薛老师

老龄化社会(aging society)

背景

世界步入老龄化(the world is aging),老年人(the elderly / senior citizen / the aged / the old)的比例增大。原因是健康状况和医疗水平的提高(improved health technology)、医疗的改善和生活水平的提高(social security and medical treatment),人们寿命增长(life span is longer than before)。

the world is aging the elderly senior citizen improved health technology social security life span

问题

劳动生产力下降(decrease in effective working force);很多老年人依赖养老金生活(live on pension),增加了家庭的负担(take up the duty of caring for the aged members);社会保障体系不完善,基础设施和社会服务满足不了老龄化社会的需求(The infrastructure and social services for the elderly do not meet the demand),医疗水平在欠发达国家仍有待提升(medical level in the less-developed countries leaves much to be desired)。

decrease in effective working force live on pension take up the duty infrastructure less-developed countries

解决办法

加强家庭联系(consolidate the family ties),给予老人精神安慰(spiritual comfort);养老方式要多样化,随着核心家庭(nuclear family)数量增加,家庭养老(family function of supporting the elderly)仍是一种支持类型,社区养老服务(local communities are another type of support)也应发展,所以要鼓励社区服务(encourage the community service for the aged)。

consolidate the family ties spiritual comfort nuclear family local communities community service

退休(early retirement)

正面影响

多年工作后,老年人可能身心疲惫(extremely burnt out),退休生活能让他们放松(relax in retirement);同时,退休为年轻人提供就业机会(open up opportunities for younger people to get into the workforce)。

extremely burnt out relax in retirement open up opportunities workforce

负面影响

老年人会觉得自己无用(useless),被社会淘汰(mean to be sifted out);退休会导致心理问题(suffer from certain mental problems);年长者在某一领域多为专业人士(specialist),退休意味着宝贵劳动资源流失(loss of the labour resources);老人退休增加社会福利成本(social welfare cost)。

useless sifted out suffer from mental problems specialist labour resources social welfare cost

代沟(Generation gap)

定义

代沟是不同年龄段人之间的差异(Generation gap means the "distinction" between the old and the young)。

distinction

根源

源于不同的世界观(result from different interpretation and appreciation of the world)、不同的理解和沟通(derive from a lack of understanding and communication),因此争端与摩擦时有发生(disagreement and conflict often take place)。

interpretation appreciation derive from disagreement conflict

解决

成年人和年轻人之间的代沟无法被缩小(generation gap between the grown-ups and the young remains unbridged),要消除误解(remove the misunderstanding)、互相包容(tolerance)来弥合代沟(narrow the gap / bridge the gap)。

grown-ups unbridged remove misunderstanding tolerance narrow the gap bridge the gap

家庭生活(family life and child-rearing)

现状

更多女性选择照顾孩子(more women than men take time out to raise the children);随着教育水平提高,性别歧视有所缓解(gender discrimination),女性社会地位提升(status quo of women),更多女性步入职场(employed in the labor force)。

take time out gender discrimination status quo labor force

挑战

女性要平衡家庭和工作(balance work and home life)并非易事。

balance work and home life