PART 3 解析(Questions 21–30)
这部分是两位学生(Tamara和Dev)关于"孤独"研究的讨论。选择题的关键在于抓住两人都同意(both believe/agree)的观点。
Questions 21 and 22
题干关键词:
both believe, responsible for the increase in loneliness
解题思路:
需要找出两位学生都认同的导致孤独感增加的两个原因。
对话分析:
- Tamara提出城市设计(C):"I'd say loneliness has a lot to do with the way cities are designed..."
- Dev同意:"I think you're right." →C 为正确选项之一。
- Tamara提出小家庭(B):"Another possible reason is that people are having fewer children..."
- Dev反驳:"...that all changed decades ago and yet loneliness is a more recent problem." →B 被否定。
- Tamara提出流动劳动力(E):"A more plausible explanation is that people are having to move around for work..."
- Dev同意:"That's true." →E 为另一个正确选项。
- 关于A(社交媒体): Dev说"far from making me feel isolated, it actually does the opposite." Tamara同意"It definitely does more good than harm." 两人都认为社交媒体不是原因。
- 关于D(更长寿命): Tamara说"nothing really to do with longer lifespans." 直接否定。
正确答案:
C, E (顺序不限)
Questions 23 and 24
题干关键词:
both agree, health risks, solid evidence
解题思路:
需要找出两人都认为有坚实证据支持的、与孤独相关的健康风险。
对话分析:
- Dev质疑:"I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims."
- 关于C(癌症): Tamara提到芬兰研究显示孤独增加10%癌症风险,且"findings have been supported by other studies"。Dev回应"You're right about that one." →两人同意证据坚实。 C 为正确选项之一。
- 关于B(痴呆症): Dev说有些研究发现无关,有些发现有关,并总结"Not exactly reliable then." →证据不坚实。
- 关于E(心血管疾病): Dev说相关研究"hard to reach a judgement",因为定义不一,回答太主观。 →证据不坚实。
- 关于D(肥胖): Dev提到孤独的影响类似于肥胖带来的风险,但紧接着说"But I'm not sure there's enough evidence for some of these claims.",这里的"some of these claims"很可能就包含了前句的肥胖。且后续未对肥胖进行确认。 →证据不被认同。
- 关于A(免疫系统减弱): Dev说"there's no doubt that loneliness contributes to a weakened immune system." Tamara确认"Unquestionably. The data on that is sound." →两人明确同意证据坚实。 A 为另一个正确选项。
正确答案:
A, C (顺序不限)
Questions 25 and 26
题干关键词:
both express about the evolutionary theory of loneliness
解题思路:
需要找出两人关于孤独进化论的共同看法。
对话分析:
- 关于B(需要进一步调查): Tamara说"There are a few studies which support the theory but not conclusively enough. More evidence is needed." Dev同意"Mmm." →两人都认为需要更多研究。 B 为正确选项之一。
- 关于A(几乎没有实际意义): Dev说"this theory's not really useful when it comes to solving the problem of loneliness today." Tamara确认"True." →两人都认为对解决现实问题无用。 A 为另一个正确选项。
- 关于C(具有误导性): 两人并未指责该理论是误导性的。
- 关于D(应被更广泛接受): 两人持怀疑态度,并未倡导接受它。
- 关于E(难以理解): 两人讨论的是证据不足和实用性不强,并未说理论本身难以理解。
正确答案:
A, B (顺序不限)
Question 27
题干关键词:
comparing loneliness to depression, the students
解题思路:
理解两人在比较孤独和抑郁时表达的共同观点。
对话分析:
- Dev说孤独"no available diagnosis or effective treatment – and that's not likely to change."
- Tamara回应"I don't think so either."
- 这表明两人都怀疑(doubt)未来会有医学上的治愈方法。
- A: doubt that there will ever be a medical cure for loneliness. (正确)
- B: claim that the link ... is overstated. (两人承认关联明显"clearly related",并未说过度夸大。)
- C: express frustration that ... not taken more seriously. (文中未表达这种挫败感。)
正确答案:
A
Question 28
题干关键词:
decide to start, presentation, own experience, why
解题思路:
找出他们决定从自身经历开始演讲的原因。
对话分析:
- Tamara提议讲自己初入大学时的孤独感。
- Dev说"Good idea. Everyone will be able to relate to that..."
- "relate to" 意思是"产生共鸣,认同",即大多数学生都能认出/理解这种情况。
- B: to highlight a situation that most students will recognise. (正确)
- A: to explain how difficult loneliness can be. (这可能是效果,但不是直接给出的原因。)
- C: to emphasise that feeling lonely is more common for men. (文中未讨论性别差异。)
正确答案:
B
Question 29
题干关键词:
talking to strangers, good strategy, because
解题思路:
确定两人认同"与陌生人交谈"是应对孤独的好策略的原因。
对话分析:
- Dev说研究显示与店员等互动能让人"feel more optimistic and relaxed"。
- Tamara说"I don't know about that but it must make people feel more connected with their community."
- "feel more connected with their community" 等同于 "creates a sense of belonging"(产生归属感)。这是两人共同认可的益处。
- A: it creates a sense of belonging. (正确)
- B: it builds self-confidence. (未提及。)
- C: it makes people feel more positive. (Dev提到了,但Tamara表示"I don't know about that",说明这不是两人共同同意的原因。)
正确答案:
A
Question 30
题干关键词:
difficult to understand, why solitude is considered to be
解题思路:
找到两人难以理解"独处"被视作何种情况。
对话分析:
- Dev说"being alone isn't something I actually like. I'd never choose to go on holiday alone..."
- Tamara说"Me neither."
- 两人都表示自己不喜欢独处(如独自度假)。因此,他们难以理解为什么有人会觉得独处是一种享受。
- C: an enjoyable experience. (正确)
- A: similar to loneliness. (他们正在讨论的就是独处和孤独的不同,所以他们是理解这种区别的。)
- B: necessary for mental health. (研究显示有益,他们承认这点"appreciate",并非难以理解。)
正确答案:
C
PART 4 解析(Questions 31–40)
这部分是关于"城市河流复兴"的独白。题型为笔记填空题,要求每空只填一个词。
Question 31
定位词:
pollution from, on the river bank
信号句:
"other types of pollution increased as factories were built beside the river and discharged their waste materials into the water."
解析:
介词"from"后接污染源。"factories"完美对应"on the river bank"的位置描述。
答案:
factories
Question 32
定位词:
1957, River Thames, biologically
信号句:
"the River Thames was 'dead' in biological terms"
解析:
"biologically"直接对应"in biological terms", declared 对应 was declared。
答案:
dead
Question 33
定位词:
seals and even a, have been seen
信号句:
"you can see seals swimming in the water and recently people had to try to rescue a whale"
解析:
"and even a" 表示递进,对应原文"and recently..." 提到的鲸鱼。
答案:
whale
Question 34
定位词:
warehouses, converted to restaurants and
信号句:
"Warehouses... are now being converted into expensive restaurants and also into apartments"
解析:
"converted to" 同义替换 "converted into"。 餐厅和公寓是并列的转换用途。
答案:
apartments
Question 35
定位词:
Los Angeles, plans, build a riverside
信号句:
"plans to revitalise the banks of the river and to make a park there"
解析:
"build" 对应 "make a"。"riverside" 对应 "on the banks of the river"。
答案:
park
Question 36
定位词:
display, projects
信号句:
"facilities could be provided for displaying projects related to various kinds of art"
解析:
"displaying projects" 是原词重现。 这些项目的主题是"art"。
答案:
art
Question 37
定位词:
Paris, every summer, created on the sides of the river
信号句:
"the banks are transformed into beaches"
解析:
"on the sides of the river" 对应 "the banks"。"every summer" 对应 "during the summer months"。"created" 对应 "transformed into"。
答案:
beaches
Question 38
定位词:
2 billion passengers, travel by
信号句:
"more than two billion passengers use the ferry to travel in cities around the world"
解析:
"travel by" 后面接交通工具。原文是"use the ferry to travel",直接对应。
答案:
ferry
Question 39
定位词:
goods, transported by, freight barges and electric
信号句:
"the parcels could be taken... on cargo bikes – electric ones, of course."
解析:
"electric" 是原词,后面直接接"bikes"。与"freight barges"并列作为运输工具。
答案:
bikes
Question 40
定位词:
in future, by
信号句:
"in future, the final stage could even be carried out by drone"
解析:
"in future" 原词重现。"by" 后面接交通工具/方式。原文是"by drone"。
答案:
drone