光华启迪英语组-薛老师
本部分包含选择题解析，涵盖题目21-30。
Which TWO benefits for children of learning to write did both students find surprising?
benefits, learning to write, surprising, both students
concentration, spatial awareness, never occurred, never associated
关于concentration（C）：
Man: What's less obvious is how it helps develop their concentration. They have to sit still and focus on one thing.
Woman: Yeah. That aspect of handwriting had never occurred to me before.
Man: Same here.
关于spatial awareness（E）：
Man: I'd never associated spatial awareness with handwriting either.
Woman: I thought that too.
C (improved concentration) 和 E (improved spatial awareness) 是两位学生都表示惊讶的好处。对于concentration，女人说从未想到过，男人表示同意；对于spatial awareness，男人说从未关联过，女人也表示有同感。这表明这两个好处对他们来说都是出乎意料的。
For children with dyspraxia, which TWO problems with handwriting do the students think are easiest to correct?
dyspraxia, problems with handwriting, easiest to correct
simple solution, quite simple thing, grid paper, pens that light up
关于A (not spacing letters correctly)：
Woman: One quite simple thing you can do is to use grid paper. So they write each letter in a box and that trains them to space the letters correctly.
关于C (applying too much pressure when writing)：
Woman: I liked the idea of using one of those pens that lights up if you press too hard. That seems like a really simple solution.
关于E (writing very slowly)：
Man: I'm not sure there's much you can do about children with dyspraxia writing very slowly.
关于D (confusing letter shapes)：
Man: They need so much more support with letter formation – you need to play lots of games to help them distinguish letter shapes. It takes a lot of patience.
关于B (not writing in a straight line)：
Man: that's more important for legibility than trying to get them to write in a straight line.
A (not spacing letters correctly) 和 C (applying too much pressure when writing) 被学生认为是容易纠正的问题。女人提到使用grid paper是quite simple thing，而使用特殊笔是really simple solution，表明这些方法简单有效。
laptops, children with dyslexia, woman say
not as frustrating, more willing to have a go
Woman: It's not as frustrating for them if they get things wrong – on a keyboard they can be more willing to have a go.
C (Children react more positively if they make a mistake) 正确，因为女人提到在键盘上犯错时，孩子不那么沮丧，更愿意尝试。
cursive or print writing, woman thinks
cursive is more difficult to learn, especially for children with learning difficulties
Woman: Teachers' attitudes have changed because it's been proved that cursive is more difficult to learn – especially for children with learning difficulties who find joining up letters really challenging.
A (cursive writing disadvantages a certain group of children) 正确，女人指出草书对学习困难的孩子尤其不利。
poor handwriting, exam performance, students
research shows, marks are definitely affected
Man: I was always worried that my poor handwriting affected my exam results. And now research shows that I was right to worry.
Woman: Marks are definitely affected if examiners can't read the script.
A (There is evidence to suggest grades are affected by poor handwriting) 正确，男人引用研究，女人确认分数受影响。
future of handwriting, man make
I can't see that changing much, basic life skill
Man: I can't see that changing much. Touch typing still isn't taught in most schools, which is a shame. But maybe that won't be necessary in the future because people will also be able to write by hand on digital devices. Anyway, teachers understand the value of handwriting. It's a basic life skill.
B (Children will continue to learn to write by hand) 正确，男人认为书写不会大变，仍是基本技能。
relying on digital devices, difficult for her, woman concerned
awful spelling, punctuation inconsistent, lack of practice
Woman: But my mum is shocked by my awful spelling and the fact that my punctuation is really inconsistent. I think you can put that down to lack of practice.
B (spell and punctuate) 正确，女人直接提到拼写和标点问题归因于缺乏练习。
own handwriting, feel, students
miss writing, shame, feel the same way
Man: Personally, I miss writing by hand. I hardly ever write anything now. I remember my grandparents had such beautiful handwriting and it was so individual. Nobody I know would be able to identify my handwriting now. It's a shame.
Woman: I know. I feel the same way. I used to write a diary by hand and now I do that digitally. It just seems less effort to do it that way.
C (regretful that they have lost the habit) 正确，两人都表达了对失去手写习惯的遗憾和怀念。
本部分包含填空题解析，涵盖题目31-40。
We've been looking at different types of conflicts that may arise between wildlife and humans at the boundaries of protected areas such as national parks and animal sanctuaries. I'd like to illustrate this by telling you about some research that I've been involved in recently in the central African country of Zambia in the area around the Chembe Bird Sanctuary, which contains over three hundred of the listed birds of Zambia. These include a number of birds of prey, such as eagles, hawks and owls, that live by hunting and killing other birds and animals.
Now, most of the people living in the local communities near to the bird sanctuary are small-scale farmers, and these birds of prey provide important social and ecological benefits to them. For example, a lot of damage can be caused to farmers' crops by rodents such as rats, which would consume the crops as they grow in the fields as well as after harvesting if they weren't hunted and killed by the birds. And the predatory habits of these birds also protect farmers in other ways. For example, a major danger to rural workers is snakes, whose bite may be dangerous or even fatal, and birds of prey have a major role in keeping their populations under control. Local people have always been aware of these benefits and for years, even before the sanctuary was opened in 1973, the birds played a key role in the culture of the region. However, more recently, the sanctuary and its birds have also become increasingly important to the community in economic terms, because at present, after a relatively slow start, tourism has become an important source of revenue for them.
However, although these birds of prey are protected by the government, their numbers are falling. Some of their deaths are accidental. Fatalities occur when birds alight on roads to catch and eat their prey, and are hit by fast-moving traffic. Drivers in Zimbabwe have to take special care at night, as birds may regard the quieter roads as safe places to sleep. Accidental deaths may also occur if these birds fly close to high-voltage power lines, as they may be electrocuted. This is a particular danger in the heavy rain which can occur in the region in the months from December to April.
And local farmers also pose a threat to these birds. As well as growing crops, small-scale farmers in the area also rear chickens. These provide food for the farmers' families, as well as being an important source of income. But they're also an easy target for birds of prey, and so farmers may shoot these birds, which is illegal but understandable, or they may poison the birds, which again is illegal and can have negative effects on the ecosystem.
So how else can farmers protect their chickens from birds of prey? Some people believe that to prevent the predators from settling near the area where the chickens are kept it's best to keep this area free from vegetation. But in fact this is counter-productive as it means the chickens have no cover to hide in and they'll be easier for the birds to see. Another possibility would be to prevent the chickens from going outside at all, and to keep them safe from predators inside a building, but this would cost far too much to be a practical solution.
Nearly all the farmers reported that they spent a lot of time and effort trying to frighten off the birds of prey without actually harming them. Most of the farmers had at least one dog, and said this was a big help in scaring away the predators. Some of the farmers also reported that during the breeding season, when the chickens were particularly vulnerable, they encouraged their children to watch over the chickens and to hit pans with a metal spoon so that the resulting noise would succeed in driving away birds that were trying to seize the young chicks. None of these methods was a hundred per cent effective, so as a result, the village people told us that rather than just using one method, they were forced to use a combination for them to have any effect. And even so, these birds of prey remain a major threat to the chickens' survival and cause considerable economic loss to farmers. So we looked at the possibility of a longer-term solution to ...
destroy, rodents
rats
a lot of damage can be caused to farmers' crops by rodents such as rats
rats
听力中明确提到rats是一种rodent，它们破坏庄稼。
其他 rodents 如 mice 未提及，因此答案唯一。
prevent, bitten
snakes
a major danger to rural workers is snakes
snakes
听力中指出蛇咬是危险，猛禽帮助控制蛇的数量。
其他动物如 insects 未提及。
support the economy, encouraging
tourism
tourism has become an important source of revenue for them
tourism
旅游业成为经济来源，与encouraging对应。
其他如 agriculture 未直接关联经济支持。
accidentally killed, hunting or sleeping
traffic
Fatalities occur when birds alight on roads to catch and eat their prey, and are hit by fast-moving traffic
traffic
鸟类在道路狩猎或睡觉时被车辆撞死。
其他原因如 predators 未提及。
electrocution, power lines, lot of
rain
This is a particular danger in the heavy rain which can occur in the region
rain
大雨增加触电风险。
其他天气如 wind 未提及。
illegally shoot, or
poison
or they may poison the birds
poison
射击和投毒都是非法行为。
其他方法如 trap 未提及。
protecting chickens, expensive
building
to keep them safe from predators inside a building, but this would cost far too much
building
建造建筑保护鸡但成本高。
其他如 fence 未明确提及。
frightening, keeping a
dog
Most of the farmers had at least one dog, and said this was a big help at scaring away the predators
dog
狗能吓退猛禽。
其他动物如 cat 未提及。
making a, with metal objects
noise
hit pans with a metal spoon so that the resulting noise would succeed in driving away birds
noise
制造噪音驱赶猛禽，金属物体是例子。
其他如 light 未提及。
methods, most effective
combination
rather than just using one method, they were forced to use a combination for them to have any effect
combination
多种方法结合更有效。
单一方法如 noise alone 被指出效果不足。