题型分析
两大类型
- True/False/Not Given
- Yes/No/Not Given
两者考察内容相同,区别在于前者针对文章事实,后者针对作者观点。
顺序原则
题目顺序与文章内容顺序一致,每道题对应文章中一个特定的信息点。
只考细节
判断题主要考察考生对文章具体细节的理解,而非对文章大意的把握。
解题关键在于准确定位原文中的对应信息,并进行精确对比。
题型特点总结
雅思阅读判断题是一种测试考生理解文章中具体信息能力的题型。它要求考生根据文章内容,判断题目中的陈述是正确(True/Yes)、错误(False/No)还是未提及(Not Given)。这种题型在雅思阅读考试中出现频率高,难度较大,需要考生具备较强的信息定位和对比分析能力。
阅读步骤
浏览题目
快速阅读所有题目,了解考察内容,抓住定位词和考点词。
定位原文
利用定位词(如专有名词、数字、时间等)在原文中找到对应信息。
对比分析
仔细对比题目与原文信息,特别关注考点词的含义是否一致。
判断选择
根据对比结果,按照判断标准选择正确答案。
高效解题技巧
先看题目再读文章,带着问题找答案,提高阅读效率。
注意题目中的定位词在原文中可能会有同义词替换。
对于不确定的题目,可先标记,完成其他题目后再回头解决。
控制时间,每道题的解答时间不宜超过1分钟。
考点词类型及判断技巧
反义考点词
题目中的某个词与原文中的对应词形成反义关系,导致整个陈述与原文意思相反。
常见反义关系包括:肯定/否定、上升/下降、增加/减少、同意/反对等。
示例:
题目:Most people prefer coffee to tea.
原文:The majority of individuals choose tea over coffee.
False - "prefer"与"choose...over"意思相反
数字数量考点词
题目中的数字、数量词与原文中的对应信息不一致。
注意数字的精确性、范围的大小以及表示数量的词(如all, most, some, none等)。
示例:
题目:There are exactly 500 students in the school.
原文:The school has approximately 500 students.
False - "exactly"与"approximately"意思不一致
绝对考点词
题目中使用了绝对化的词语,而原文中没有相应的绝对化表述。
常见绝对词包括:all, every, only, must, never, always, impossible等。
示例:
题目:All birds can fly.
原文:Many birds are capable of flight, but some species like penguins cannot.
False - "All"与"Many...but some cannot"意思不一致
比较考点词
题目中包含比较关系,需要判断原文中是否存在相应的比较,以及比较的方向是否一致。
注意比较级、最高级以及表示比较的词(如more than, less than, as...as等)。
示例:
题目:Learning Chinese is more difficult than learning Japanese.
原文:Both Chinese and Japanese are considered challenging languages for English speakers.
Not Given - 原文未对两者难度进行比较
考点词识别技巧
考点词通常是句子中最容易发生变化的词,如形容词、副词、动词等。
名词通常作为定位词,而动词、形容词、副词常作为考点词。
注意题目中的否定词和前缀(如not, un-, dis-等),它们会改变句子的意思。
当题目中出现两个或多个考点词时,需要全部核实才能做出判断。
True/False/Not Given考点分析及例题
True/Yes的判断标准
同义替换
题目中的信息与原文内容基本一致,但使用了不同的表达方式。
归纳总结
题目是对原文中多个信息点的归纳和总结。
推理判断
题目是根据原文内容可以合理推断出的结论。
True例题1
题目:
The new library will be open to the public from Monday to Saturday.
原文:
The newly constructed library is scheduled to welcome visitors six days a week, closing only on Sundays.
解析:
题目中的"Monday to Saturday"与原文中的"six days a week, closing only on Sundays"是同义替换,表达的是同一个意思。
True例题2
题目:
The research findings indicate that regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health.
原文:
According to the study results, engaging in consistent physical activity on a weekly basis is associated with better heart and blood vessel function.
解析:
题目中的"regular exercise"与原文中的"consistent physical activity"是同义替换,"improve cardiovascular health"与"better heart and blood vessel function"也是同义替换,因此题目与原文信息一致。
True例题3
题目:
The company plans to reduce its carbon emissions by 30% over the next five years.
原文:
In its sustainability report, the organization outlined a strategic goal to decrease its greenhouse gas output by approximately one-third within the coming half-decade.
解析:
题目中的"reduce its carbon emissions by 30%"与原文中的"decrease its greenhouse gas output by approximately one-third"是同义替换,"over the next five years"与"within the coming half-decade"也是同义替换,因此题目与原文信息一致。
True例题4
题目:
The museum offers free admission to children under 12.
原文:
Children who are younger than twelve years of age can enter the museum without paying an entrance fee.
解析:
题目中的"free admission"与原文中的"without paying an entrance fee"是同义替换,"children under 12"与"children who are younger than twelve years of age"也是同义替换,因此题目与原文信息一致。
True例题5
题目:
The project was completed ahead of schedule.
原文:
The construction work finished earlier than initially planned.
解析:
题目中的"project"与原文中的"construction work"是同义替换,"completed ahead of schedule"与"finished earlier than initially planned"也是同义替换,因此题目与原文信息一致。
True例题6
题目:
The new policy aims to reduce traffic congestion in the city center.
原文:
One of the main objectives of the recently introduced regulations is to alleviate the problem of heavy traffic in the central area of the city.
解析:
题目中的"new policy"与原文中的"recently introduced regulations"是同义替换,"aims to reduce traffic congestion"与"main objectives...is to alleviate the problem of heavy traffic"也是同义替换,因此题目与原文信息一致。
True例题7
题目:
The study found a link between excessive screen time and poor sleep quality.
原文:
Researchers discovered a correlation between spending too much time in front of screens and experiencing difficulties with sleeping well.
解析:
题目中的"found a link"与原文中的"discovered a correlation"是同义替换,"excessive screen time"与"spending too much time in front of screens"也是同义替换,"poor sleep quality"与"difficulties with sleeping well"同样是同义替换,因此题目与原文信息一致。
False/No的判断标准
直接相反
题目中的信息与原文内容直接矛盾或完全相反。
过于绝对
原文中没有使用绝对化的表述,而题目中使用了绝对化的词语。
张冠李戴
题目将原文中A的特征或行为错误地归属于B。
False例题1
题目:
All students must wear uniforms at school.
原文:
Most students are required to wear uniforms, but those in the art and music programs have different dress codes.
解析:
题目中的"All students"是绝对化表述,而原文中提到"Most students...but those in the art and music programs have different dress codes",说明并非所有学生都必须穿校服。
False例题2
题目:
The temperature in the desert never exceeds 40 degrees Celsius.
原文:
During the hottest months, temperatures in the desert can reach up to 50 degrees Celsius or higher.
解析:
题目中的"never exceeds 40 degrees Celsius"与原文中的"can reach up to 50 degrees Celsius or higher"是直接矛盾的,因此答案为False。
False例题3
题目:
The government has decided to increase taxes on small businesses.
原文:
In an effort to support local entrepreneurs, the administration announced plans to reduce tax burdens for small enterprises.
解析:
题目中的"increase taxes on small businesses"与原文中的"reduce tax burdens for small enterprises"是直接相反的,因此答案为False。
False例题4
题目:
The company's profits have decreased every year since 2019.
原文:
While the business experienced a decline in earnings in 2020 and 2021, there was a significant recovery in 2022 and 2023.
解析:
题目中的"profits have decreased every year since 2019"与原文中的"decline in earnings in 2020 and 2021...significant recovery in 2022 and 2023"是直接矛盾的,因此答案为False。
False例题5
题目:
The new technology is only available in urban areas.
原文:
The innovative system has been implemented in both cities and rural communities across the country.
解析:
题目中的"only available in urban areas"与原文中的"implemented in both cities and rural communities"是直接矛盾的,因此答案为False。
False例题6
题目:
The study was conducted by researchers from Harvard University alone.
原文:
The research was a collaborative effort involving scientists from Harvard University, Stanford University, and the University of Cambridge.
解析:
题目中的"conducted by researchers from Harvard University alone"与原文中的"collaborative effort involving scientists from Harvard University, Stanford University, and the University of Cambridge"是直接矛盾的,因此答案为False。
False例题7
题目:
The museum is closed on weekends.
原文:
The exhibition center is open to visitors seven days a week, including Saturdays and Sundays.
解析:
题目中的"closed on weekends"与原文中的"open to visitors seven days a week, including Saturdays and Sundays"是直接矛盾的,因此答案为False。
Not Given的判断标准
无中生有
题目中提到的信息在原文中完全没有提及。
信息不完整
原文中提到了相关信息,但没有足够的细节来判断题目陈述是否正确。
主观臆断
题目是根据原文内容无法合理推断出的结论,属于主观猜测。
Not Given例题1
题目:
The company plans to expand its operations to Asia next year.
原文:
The CEO announced that the company is considering various options for international expansion in the coming years.
解析:
原文中提到公司正在考虑国际扩张的各种选择,但没有具体提到计划明年扩展到亚洲。题目中的信息属于主观臆断。
Not Given例题2
题目:
The new policy will benefit low-income families more than middle-class households.
原文:
Officials stated that the revised regulations are intended to provide financial assistance to families in need.
解析:
原文中提到新政策旨在为有需要的家庭提供经济援助,但没有比较该政策对低收入家庭和中产阶级家庭的不同影响。
Not Given例题3
题目:
The research team received funding from a pharmaceutical company.
原文:
The study was conducted by a group of scientists from several universities and research institutions.
解析:
原文中提到研究由来自多所大学和研究机构的科学家团队进行,但没有提及研究团队是否从制药公司获得资金支持。
Not Given例题4
题目:
The new shopping mall will include a cinema and a bowling alley.
原文:
The upcoming retail complex is expected to feature a variety of stores, restaurants, and entertainment facilities.
解析:
原文中提到新的零售综合体将设有各种商店、餐厅和娱乐设施,但没有具体提到会包括电影院和保龄球馆。
Not Given例题5
题目:
The government plans to increase funding for public transportation by 20% next year.
原文:
Officials have stated that they intend to allocate more resources to improve the public transport system in the future.
解析:
原文中提到政府计划在未来为改善公共交通系统分配更多资源,但没有具体提到明年将增加20%的资金。
Not Given例题6
题目:
The majority of employees prefer working from home rather than in the office.
原文:
The company has implemented a hybrid work policy that allows staff to split their time between remote work and office-based work.
解析:
原文中提到公司实施了混合工作政策,允许员工在远程工作和办公室工作之间分配时间,但没有提及大多数员工更喜欢在家工作还是在办公室工作。
Not Given例题7
题目:
The new product will be available in all major supermarkets by the end of the year.
原文:
The company plans to launch its latest item in select retail outlets in the coming months.
解析:
原文中提到公司计划在未来几个月在特定零售网点推出其最新产品,但没有提到该产品将在年底前在所有主要超市上市。