光华启迪英语组-薛老师
题目原文：2,000 years ago, South America. People conserved the nutritional value of ______ in a method of freezing then drying.
正确答案：potatoes
定位词：2,000 years ago, South America, freezing then drying
文章原句："Two thousand years ago, the inhabitants of South America's Andean mountains had a unique means of conserving potatoes for later consumption. They froze them overnight, then trampled them to squeeze out the moisture, then dried them in the sun."
答案解析：题目要求从原文选词，唯一答案为potatoes。
题目原文：1851, USA. ______ was kept cool by ice during transportation in specially adapted trains.
正确答案：Butter
定位词：1851, USA, ice, transportation, trains
文章原句："In 1851, railroads first began putting blocks of ice in insulated rail cars to send butter from Ogdensburg, New York, to Boston."
答案解析：原文明确提及butter为运输物品。
题目原文：1880, Australia. Two kinds of ______ were the first frozen food shipped to England.
正确答案：meat
定位词：1880, Australia, first frozen food, shipped to England
文章原句："In 1880, a shipment of Australian beef and mutton was sent, frozen, to England."
答案解析：beef和mutton均为肉类，题目要求一个词，故答案为meat。
题目原文：1917 onwards, USA. Clarence Birdseye introduced innovations including: quick-freezing methods, so that ______ did not spoil the food.
正确答案：crystals
定位词：Clarence Birdseye, quick-freezing methods, spoil the food
文章原句："He developed quick-freezing techniques that reduced the damage that crystals caused as well as the technique of freezing the product in the package it was to be sold in."
答案解析：原文明确提及crystals为导致食物损坏的因素。
题目原文：1917 onwards, USA. Clarence Birdseye introduced innovations including: packaging products with ______ so the product was visible.
正确答案：cellophane
定位词：Clarence Birdseye, packaging, visible
文章原句："He also introduced the use of cellophane, the first transparent material for food packaging, which allowed consumers to see the quality of the product."
答案解析：cellophane为透明包装材料，符合visible要求。
题目原文：Early 1940s, USA. Frozen food became popular because of a shortage of ______.
正确答案：tin
定位词：Early 1940s, USA, shortage
文章原句："Sales increased in the early 1940s, when World War II gave a boost to the frozen food industry because tin was being used for munitions. Canned foods were rationed to save tin for the war effort..."
答案解析：原文明确提及tin短缺导致罐头食品配给，冷冻食品因此流行。
题目原文：1950s, USA. A large number of homes now had a ______.
正确答案：refrigerator
定位词：1950s, USA, homes had
文章原句："By the 1950s refrigerator technology had developed far enough to make these appliances affordable for the average family. By 1953, 33 million US families owned a refrigerator..."
答案解析：原文直接提及refrigerator为家庭拥有的设备。
题目原文：The ice transportation business made some Boston ship owners very wealthy in the early 1800s.
正确答案：NOT GIVEN
定位词：ice transportation business, Boston ship owners, wealthy, early 1800s
文章原句："In the early 1800s, ship owners from Boston, USA, had enormous blocks of Arctic ice towed all over the Atlantic for the purpose of food preservation."
答案解析：原文仅提及波士顿船主运输冰块，未提及是否因此变得富有，故为NOT GIVEN。
题目原文：A disadvantage of the freezing process invented in Australia was that it affected the taste of food.
正确答案：TRUE
定位词：disadvantage, freezing process, Australia, affected the taste
文章原句："While the food frozen this way was still palatable, there was some deterioration. During the freezing process, crystals formed within the cells of the food, and when the ice expanded and the cells burst, this spoilt the flavor and texture of the food."
答案解析：spoilt the flavor与affected the taste同义，故答案为TRUE。
题目原文：Clarence Birdseye travelled to Labrador in order to learn how the Inuit people froze fish.
正确答案：FALSE
定位词：Clarence Birdseye, Labrador, learn, Inuit people, froze fish
文章原句："In 1912, a biology student in Massachusetts, USA, named Clarence Birdseye, ran out of money and went to Labrador in Canada to trap and trade furs. While he was there, he became fascinated with how the Inuit would quickly freeze fish in the Arctic air."
答案解析：Birdseye去Labrador的目的是trap and trade furs，学习冷冻鱼是意外发现，故答案为FALSE。
题目原文：Swanson Foods invested a great deal of money in the promotion of the TV Dinner.
正确答案：TRUE
定位词：Swanson Foods, invested, promotion, TV Dinner
文章原句："In 1954, the company adapted some of Birdseye's freezing techniques, and with the help of a clever name and a huge advertising budget it launched the first TV Dinner."
答案解析：huge advertising budget与invested a great deal of money in promotion同义，故答案为TRUE。
题目原文：Swanson Foods developed a new style of container for the launch of the TV Dinner.
正确答案：FALSE
定位词：Swanson Foods, new style of container, TV Dinner
文章原句："This consisted of frozen turkey, potatoes and vegetables served in the same segmented aluminum tray that was used by airlines."
答案解析：容器为航空公司已使用的款式，并非Swanson开发的新款，故答案为FALSE。
题目原文：The US frozen food industry is currently the largest in the world.
正确答案：NOT GIVEN
定位词：US frozen food industry, largest in the world
文章原句："Today, the US frozen food industry has a turnover of over $67 billion annually..."
答案解析：原文仅提及美国冷冻食品行业规模，未与其他国家比较，故为NOT GIVEN。
题目原文：Section A
正确答案：v (Two clear educational goals)
定位词：Section A, goals
文章原句："we want to show people how wonderful they are... However, we also want to highlight the research and conservation efforts that are now being carried out to try to save them from the threat of global warming."
答案解析：原文明确提及两个目标：展示珊瑚礁的奇妙和强调保护努力，对应v。
题目原文：Section B
正确答案：ii (Cooperation beneath the waves)
定位词：Section B, cooperation
文章原句："These polyps are transparent but get their brilliant tones... from algae that live within them, which in turn get protection, while their photosynthesising of the sun's rays provides nutrients for the polyps."
答案解析：描述珊瑚虫与藻类的共生关系，即cooperation，对应ii。
题目原文：Section C
正确答案：iv (Disagreement about the accuracy of a certain phrase)
定位词：Section C, disagreement, phrase
文章原句："coral reefs are often described as the 'rainforests of the sea', though the comparison is dismissed by some naturalists, including David Attenborough."
答案解析：提及对"rainforests of the sea"这一表述的争议，对应iv。
题目原文：Section D
正确答案：viii (A warning of further trouble ahead)
定位词：Section D, warning, trouble
文章原句："scientists advise that more than 90% of reefs could be lost by 2050 unless urgent action is taken to tackle global heating and greenhouse gas emissions."
答案解析：警告珊瑚礁可能在2050年消失，对应viii。
题目原文：Section E
正确答案：vii (Tried and tested solutions)
定位词：Section E, solutions
文章原句："scientists are trying to pinpoint hardy types of coral that could survive our overheated oceans... One aim will be to carry out research on species to find those that can survive best in warm, acidic waters. Another will be to try to increase coral breeding rates."
答案解析：提及寻找耐寒珊瑚和提高繁殖率的解决方案，对应vii。
题目原文：Section F
正确答案：iii (Working to lessen the problems)
定位词：Section F, working to lessen
文章原句："Research in these fields is being conducted in laboratories around the world, with the London Zoo centre linked to this global network. Studies carried out in one centre can then be tested in others."
答案解析：描述全球研究网络合作解决问题，对应iii。
题目原文：Which two of these causes of damage to coral reefs are mentioned by the writer of the text?
正确答案：C (the contamination of the sea from waste), E (alterations in the usual flow of water in the seas)
定位词：causes of damage, coral reefs
文章原句："Other menaces include ocean acidification, sea level increase, pollution by humans, deoxygenation and ocean current changes..."
答案解析：pollution by humans对应C，ocean current changes对应E；A（极端风暴）、B（过度捕鱼）、D（海洋物种疾病增加）未提及。
题目原文：Which two of the following statements are true of the researchers at London Zoo?
正确答案：B (They want to identify corals that can cope well with the changed sea conditions), D (They are trying out methods that would speed up reproduction in some corals)
定位词：researchers, London Zoo
文章原句："One aim will be to carry out research on species to find those that can survive best in warm, acidic waters. Another will be to try to increase coral breeding rates."
答案解析：find those that can survive best对应B，increase coral breeding rates对应D；A（扩大实验室繁殖珊瑚种类）、C（创建人工珊瑚礁）、E（研究保护珊瑚的材料）未提及。
题目原文：Corals have a number of ______ with which they use to collect their food.
正确答案：tentacles
定位词：corals, collect their food
文章原句："Corals are composed of tiny animals, known as polyps, with tentacles for capturing small marine creatures in the sea water."
答案解析：tentacles为捕捉食物的器官。
题目原文：Algae gain ______ from being inside the coral.
正确答案：protection
定位词：algae, gain, inside the coral
文章原句："algae that live within them, which in turn get protection"
答案解析：原文明确提及algae获得protection。
题目原文：Increases in the warmth of the sea water can remove the ______ from coral.
正确答案：colour
定位词：increases in warmth, remove, from coral
文章原句："Rising ocean temperatures are triggering bleaching events that strip reefs of their colour and eventually kill them."
答案解析：strip reefs of their colour与remove the colour对应。
题目原文：For our own safety, humans will need to restrict the abilities of robots.
正确答案：A (Martin Rees)
定位词：restrict the abilities of robots
文章原句："I think we should ensure that robots remain as no more than 'idiot savants' lacking the capacity to outwit us..."
答案解析：Rees明确主张限制机器人能力，确保其无法超越人类，因此答案为A。
题目原文：The risk of robots harming us is less serious than humans believe it to be.
正确答案：C (Kathleen Richardson)
定位词：risk, less serious than believed
文章原句："Richardson believes that our fear of machines becoming too advanced has more to do with human nature than anything intrinsic to the machines themselves... we imagine that machines think and behave as we do, and therefore see them as an autonomous threat."
答案解析：Richardson认为对机器人的恐惧源于人类拟人化倾向，而非机器本身具有威胁性，因此答案为C。
题目原文：It will take many decades for robot intelligence to be as imaginative as human intelligence.
正确答案：B (Daniel Wolpert)
定位词：many decades, imaginative as human intelligence
文章原句："Expecting a machine close to the creative intelligence of a human within the next 50 years would be highly ambitious."
答案解析：Wolpert认为50年内机器难以达到人类的创造性智能，即需要数十年，因此答案为B。
题目原文：We may have to start considering whether we are treating robots fairly.
正确答案：A (Martin Rees)
定位词：treating robots fairly
文章原句："Should we feel guilt about exploiting [sophisticated robots]? Should we fret if they are underemployed, frustrated, or bored?"
答案解析：Rees提出应考虑机器人的待遇问题，涉及公平性伦理，因此答案为A。
题目原文：Robots are probably of more help to us on Earth than in space.
正确答案：B (Daniel Wolpert)
定位词：more help on Earth than in space
文章原句："Using robots to gather resources nearer to home would seem to be a better use of our robotic tools."
答案解析：Wolpert认为机器人在地球收集资源比太空探索更实用，因此答案为B。
题目原文：The ideas in high-quality science fiction may prove to be just as accurate as those found in the work of mediocre scientists.
正确答案：A (Martin Rees)
定位词：high-quality science fiction, accurate, mediocre scientists
文章原句："it's better to read first-rate science fiction than second-rate science—more stimulating, and perhaps no more likely to be wrong."
答案解析：Rees认为一流科幻小说可能比二流科学研究更具启发性和准确性，因此答案为A。
题目原文：There are those who look forward to robots developing greater intelligence.
正确答案：C (Kathleen Richardson)
定位词：look forward to, robots developing greater intelligence
文章原句："many people welcome machine intelligence."
答案解析：Richardson明确提及许多人欢迎机器智能的发展，因此答案为C。
题目原文：Richardson and Rees express similar views regarding the ethical aspect of ______.
正确答案：C (changes made to other planets for our own benefit)
定位词：Richardson, Rees, ethical aspect
文章原句：Rees: "colonised planets should be preserved with a status that is analogous to Antarctica"; Richardson: "the idea of 'colonisation' of other planets seemed morally dubious"
答案解析：两人均对行星殖民的道德性表示质疑，认为不应为人类利益改变其他行星状态，因此答案为C。
题目原文：Rees and Wolpert share an opinion about the extent of ______.
正确答案：B (advances made in machine intelligence so far)
定位词：Rees, Wolpert, share opinion, extent
文章原句：Rees: "Robots are still limited in their ability to sense their environment"; Wolpert: "there is no machine that can identify visual objects or speak with the reliability and flexibility of humans"
答案解析：两人均认为当前机器智能在环境感知、视觉识别等方面仍有显著局限，因此答案为B。
题目原文：Wolpert disagrees with Richardson on the question of ______.
正确答案：D (the harm already done by artificial intelligence)
定位词：Wolpert, disagrees, Richardson, harm done
文章原句：Wolpert: "the benefits of computers outweigh the damage that computer viruses cause"; Richardson未提及人工智能已造成的伤害，隐含认为威胁被夸大
答案解析：Wolpert承认人工智能存在伤害（如计算机病毒）但利大于弊，而Richardson认为对机器的恐惧源于人类想象，两人在此观点上存在分歧，因此答案为D。
题目原文：What point does Richardson make about fear of machines?
正确答案：B (It is the result of our inclination to attribute human characteristics to non-human entities.)
定位词：Richardson, fear of machines
文章原句："it stems from humans' tendency to personify inanimate objects: we create machines based on representations of ourselves, imagine that machines think and behave as we do..."
答案解析：Richardson认为人类倾向于将非生命体拟人化，想象机器具有人类思维，从而产生恐惧，因此答案为B。
题目原文：What potential advance does Rees see as a cause for concern?
正确答案：C (artificial intelligence developing independent thought)
定位词：Rees, potential advance, concern
文章原句："these could behave like a single 'brain' with a mind of its own, and with goals that may be contrary to human welfare."
答案解析：Rees担忧计算机网络可能形成具有独立意识的"大脑"，其目标可能与人类利益冲突，即人工智能发展出独立思维，因此答案为C。
题目原文：What does Wolpert emphasise in his response to the question about science fiction?
正确答案：B (how fundamental robots are to the science fiction genre)
定位词：Wolpert, science fiction, emphasise
文章原句："almost no science fiction envisages a future without robots."
答案解析：Wolpert强调机器人是科幻小说的核心元素，几乎所有科幻作品都包含机器人，因此答案为B。
题目原文：What is Richardson doing in her comment about reality and fantasy?
正确答案：C (recommending a change of approach in how people view them)
定位词：Richardson, reality and fantasy
文章原句："we need to bring these different understandings together to get a whole perspective."
答案解析：Richardson建议整合对现实与幻想的不同理解，形成全面视角，即改变看待它们的方式，因此答案为C。