雅思写作Task1流程图攻略

第一部分：核心写作理念与步骤

流程图考察的不是你的知识量，而是你清晰、准确、有条理地描述一个过程的能力。记住这个核心目标。

写作重点：

1 理解而非记忆：你不需要预先知道任何知识。所有信息都在图上。你的任务是解读它，并用文字转述出来。
2 概述是关键：引言段和概述段是得分重点。必须在概述中明确指出这个过程是线性、循环还是对比的，以及主要阶段的数量。
3 顺序是生命线：必须严格按照流程的先后顺序进行描述。不能跳跃，不能颠倒。
4 客观描述：不要加入个人评价（如"这个步骤很聪明"）。只做事实陈述。
5 细节与选择：不需要描述图上每一个微小的细节，但要涵盖所有主要步骤和关键的分支点。

写作步骤：

审图（2-3分钟）：

通览全图，理解整个过程在讲什么
确定起点和终点
数一数总共有多少个主要阶段
识别流程类型（见第四部分）
找出图中提供的所有词汇，这些是你的核心素材

写作（12-15分钟）：

引言段：

用1-2句话重述题目。绝对不能直接抄写题目。

句式: The diagram/flow chart illustrates the process of [产品] production/how [自然现象] is formed.

概述段：

这是最重要的段落，单独成段。指出流程的阶段数量、起点、终点和本质。

句式: Overall, the linear process consists of around [数字] main stages, beginning with [起点] and culminating in [终点]. / In general, it is a circular process which involves...

主体段落：

按顺序描述过程。根据步骤的多少和逻辑关联，可以将主体分为1-2段。使用丰富的连接词和句式将步骤串联起来。

检查（1-2分钟）：

语法（尤其是时态）、拼写、词汇多样性。

第二部分：句式变化重点

避免通篇使用 "The first step is... The second step is..." 这样的简单句。要展示你的语言驾驭能力。

1. 主动与被动语态的交替使用：

主动语态：

当过程有明确的"执行者"时使用，特别是描述自然现象或人的行为。

例句: Workers collect the raw materials. (工人们收集原材料。)

例句: The sun evaporates the water. (太阳蒸发水分。)

被动语态：

当"执行者"未知、不重要或重点是"动作承受者"时使用，在工业生产流程中极为常见。

例句: The raw materials are collected. (原材料被收集。)

例句: The liquid is then poured into a container. (随后液体被倒入一个容器中。)

2. 引入步骤的多样化句式：

基础序列词：

First, First of all, Secondly, Following that, After this, Subsequently, Finally.

以步骤为主语的句子:

例句: The process begins with the collection of raw materials. (这个过程始于原材料的收集。)

例句: The following step involves mixing the components. (接下来的步骤涉及混合这些成分。)

例句: This stage is followed by a heating process. (这个阶段之后是一个加热过程。)

使用 "Once..." 或 "After..." 从句:

例句: Once the mixture is prepared, it is heated to 100°C. (一旦混合物准备好，它会被加热到100摄氏度。)

例句: After being heated, the product is cooled rapidly. (在被加热之后，产品被迅速冷却。)

使用 "Before..." 从句（表示后续步骤的准备）：

例句: Before being packaged, the product undergoes a quality check. (在被包装之前，产品需要经过质量检查。)

3. 描述步骤内部动作的句式：

"...where..." 从句：

用于描述在一个地点或容器内发生的动作。

例句: The mixture is transferred to a fermentation tank, where it is left for 24 hours. (混合物被转移到发酵罐中，在那里放置24小时。)

"...after which..." 从句：

用于连接前后紧密相关的两个动作。

例句: The substance is filtered, after which the solid waste is discarded. (物质被过滤，在此之后固体废料被丢弃。)

"With + Noun + Past Participle"：

表示伴随状态。

例句: The cycle continues, with the purified water being released back into the environment. (循环继续，净化后的水被释放回环境中。)

第三部分：常见用词重点

1. 序列与连接词：

1 To begin with, Initially (最初)
2 Subsequently, Then, Next (随后，然后)
3 Meanwhile, At the same time (与此同时)
4 Simultaneously (同时发生地)
5 Prior to, Before (在...之前)
6 Following this, After this (在此之后)
7 Once (一旦)
8 Eventually, Finally, In the final stage (最终)

2. 动词库：

通用动词：

Begin Commence Proceed Continue End Conclude Culminate in

物理变化动词：

Mix Combine Heat Melt Cool Refrigerate Cut Chop Grind Collect Gather Transport Deliver

化学/生物变化动词：

Ferment Process Treat Transform into Convert into Evaporate Condense

3. 名词化结构：

善用名词化可以使语言更简洁、正式。

1 The collection of raw materials (代替 Raw materials are collected)
2 The conversion of A into B (代替 A is converted into B)
3 The fermentation process (发酵过程)
4 The end product (最终产品)

第四部分：不同类型流程图的写法区别

1. 线性流程 - Linear Process

特征：

有明确的起点和终点，过程不可逆。最常见于工业生产（如巧克力、水泥制造）和申请流程。

写作策略：

概述段：明确说明是线性过程，指出总阶段数、起点和终点。

例句: Overall, the linear process of manufacturing paper consists of approximately ten distinct steps, commencing with the felling of trees and ending with the production of paper rolls.

主体段落：

严格按照从第一步到最后一步的顺序描述。使用清晰的序列词。

2. 循环流程 - Cyclical/Circular Process

特征：

没有真正的起点和终点，过程周而复始。常见于自然现象（如水循环、碳循环）和回收过程。

写作策略：

概述段：必须点明这是一个循环过程。你可以任意选择一个合理的点作为描述的起点。

例句: In general, it is a never-ending, natural cycle which illustrates how water moves through the environment.

主体段落：

描述一圈完整的循环。在结尾处，要点明这个循环如何回到起点，或如何重新开始。

例句: The water is then released back into the atmosphere through transpiration, at which point the cycle begins again.

3. 对比流程 - Comparative Process

特征：

图中展示了两个或多个相似但不同的过程，用于比较。例如，不同方法的咖啡制作、不同技术的废水处理。

写作策略：

概述段：明确指出图中比较了哪几种方法/过程。

例句: The diagram provides a comparison between two distinct methods of recycling plastic bottles: the mechanical method and the chemical method.

主体段落结构：

结构A（分述法）：用一段完整描述第一个过程，再用另一段完整描述第二个过程。在段落开头或结尾用一句话总结主要异同。适用于过程较复杂、内部步骤联系紧密的图。

结构B（交叉对比法）：按步骤顺序，每一步都对比两种方法是如何操作的。使用 while, whereas, similarly, in contrast 等连接词。适用于两个过程步骤相似，便于逐点比较的图。

例句: In the first stage, Method A grinds the material into powder, whereas Method B simply washes it with water.

第五部分：案例分析

案例一：线性过程 - 茶叶生产包

题目：

The diagram shows the process of producing tea and packing it into tea bags.

高分范文：

The flowchart illustrates the various stages involved in the manufacturing and packaging of tea bags.

Overall, the linear process comprises approximately ten distinct steps, commencing with the cultivation of tea plants and culminating in the distribution of the final packaged product to retailers.

Initially, tea seeds are sown and the plants are allowed to grow under suitable conditions. Once the tea leaves are ready, they are carefully plucked by hand. The freshly harvested leaves are then transported to a processing facility where they undergo drying and fermentation. Following this, the leaves are roasted to enhance their flavor.

Subsequently, the processed tea leaves are ground into a fine powder. This powder is then loaded into automated machines that fabricate the tea bags. In this stage, filter paper is fed into the machine, which precisely measures and portions the tea powder into individual bags, after which the bags are securely sealed with a string and a tag attached.

Prior to distribution, the finished tea bags undergo a rigorous quality control inspection. After being approved, they are packaged into boxes. Finally, the packaged boxes are dispatched to supermarkets and other retail outlets for sale to consumers.

评分维度分析 (为何能得7+):

1. 任务完成度

得分点：范文完整且准确地描述了从种植到分发的所有关键阶段，没有遗漏任何主要步骤。

分析：引言段成功改写了题目。概述段是高分关键，它清晰地定义了流程的性质（linear process）、主要阶段数量（approximately ten distinct steps）、起点（commencing with the cultivation）和终点（culminating in the distribution），完全满足了高分作文对"清晰的概述"的要求。主体段落按照严格的时间顺序推进，逻辑流畅。

2. 衔接与连贯

得分点：段落划分清晰（引言、概述、主体1-2），逻辑连接词丰富且使用精准。

分析：段落结构：标准的四段式，概述段独立成段，符合雅思写作最佳实践。逻辑连接词：使用了丰富的序列词和连接词，如 Initially, Once, then, Following this, Subsequently, after which, Prior to, Finally。这些词并非简单堆砌，而是准确地指示了步骤间的时序和逻辑关系。指代与衔接：使用 This powder, In this stage 等指代词，有效地将前后句子连接起来，使行文流畅。

3. 词汇丰富度

得分点：词汇选择精准、专业且呈现多样性，避免了重复。

分析：同义替换："生产"：producing -> manufacturing -> stages involved in；"开始"：commencing with；"结束"：culminating in。主题相关词汇：使用了非常具体和地道的词汇，如 cultivation, plucked, processing facility, fermentation, roasted, ground into a fine powder, fabricate, filter paper, securely sealed, quality control inspection, dispatched, retail outlets。这些词汇展示了考生在特定话题下的词汇量。动词多样性：sow, pluck, undergo, enhance, load, feed into 等动词的运用避免了千篇一律的 is done 结构。

4. 语法多样性及准确性

得分点：句式结构复杂多变，同时保持了极高的语法准确性。

分析：被动语态与主动语态：在描述工业生产步骤时，大量且准确地使用了被动语态（are sown, are plucked, are transported, are roasted），这符合流程图的客观性要求。同时在合适的地方使用了主动语态（the cycle begins again 在循环流程中更常见）。从句使用：熟练运用了多种从句：时间状语从句：Once the tea leaves are ready...；定语从句：...machines that fabricate the tea bags.；状语从句：...after which the bags are securely sealed...。分词结构：使用了 Following this（现在分词转化）和 After being approved（被动形式的动名词）等高级结构，使句子更紧凑。整体语法错误：在如此复杂的句式下，全文几乎没有语法错误，体现了对英语语法的高水平掌控能力。

案例二：循环过程 - 水循环

题目：

The diagram illustrates the natural process of the water cycle.

高分范文：

The diagram depicts the perpetual movement of water on Earth through various stages, known as the water cycle.

Overall, it is a continuous, cyclical process which involves three primary physical phases: evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, with no discernible beginning or end.

The process begins when solar radiation causes the temperature of seawater in oceans, seas, and lakes to rise, leading to evaporation. Simultaneously, water from trees and other plants is released into the atmosphere as vapour through a process called transpiration. The resulting water vapour then rises and cools in the atmosphere, culminating in condensation, where it forms clouds.

Once the clouds become saturated, precipitation occurs in the form of rain, hail, or snow. A portion of this precipitation falls directly into water bodies, thereby replenishing them. The remainder falls on land. Some of this water is absorbed by plants, while some infiltrates the ground, becoming groundwater. This groundwater may eventually flow into lakes and oceans as surface runoff.

The water that has collected in oceans and lakes is once again subjected to solar heat, at which point the entire cycle recommences.

评分维度分析 (为何能得7+):

1. 任务完成度

得分点：完美地处理了循环图的独特要求。

分析：引言段清晰。概述段极其出色，它明确指出了这是一个 continuous, cyclical process，并点出了核心阶段（evaporation, condensation, and precipitation），最关键的是强调了 with no discernible beginning or end，这直接回应了循环图的本质。结尾段用 The entire cycle recommences 巧妙地闭合了循环，体现了对任务的深刻理解。

2. 衔接与连贯

得分点：逻辑流畅，清晰地展示了水在不同形态和地点之间的转移。

分析：逻辑流：描述路径非常清晰：海洋/湖泊蒸发 & 植物蒸腾 -> 形成水蒸气 -> 冷凝成云 -> 降水 -> 落入水体/地面 -> 补充水体/形成径流 -> 回归海洋 -> 循环重新开始。高级连接词：Simultaneously（表示同时发生的过程），where（引导非限制性定语从句解释 condensation），thereby replenishing them（表示结果），while（表示对比），at which point（表示一个阶段的结果和下一个阶段的开始）。这些词的使用使得步骤间的过渡非常自然。

3. 词汇丰富度

得分点：使用了大量准确、专业的科学词汇，并展现了出色的同义替换能力。

分析：主题核心词汇：perpetual movement, cyclical process, solar radiation, evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, saturated, replenishing, infiltrates, groundwater, surface runoff。这些词汇精准且学术，远超基础水平。同义与上下文表达："水"：seawater, water vapour, precipitation, rain, hail, or snow, groundwater（根据形态和位置使用不同词汇）。"变成"：is released as, forms, becoming。"开始"：begins when, is once again subjected to, recommences。

4. 语法多样性及准确性

得分点：句式结构复杂多变，能熟练运用各种复杂结构来准确描述一个动态的自然过程。

分析：从句的混合使用：时间状语从句：The process begins when solar radiation causes...；定语从句：...a cyclical process which involves... / ...a process called transpiration.；地点状语从句：where it forms clouds.分词短语：known as the water cycle (过去分词作后置定语)，leading to evaporation (现在分词表结果)，thereby replenishing them (现在分词表结果)。并列与对比结构：Some of this water..., while some... 清晰地展示了降水后的不同路径。时态：通篇使用一般现在时，准确描述一个永恒的自然规律。语法准确性：在所有复杂结构中均保持了语法正确，体现了极高的语言控制力。