光华启迪英语组-薛老师
在雅思写作中，语法占据了25%的评分比例，其中语法侧重的是两个方面：
语法的准确性，往往考察的是学生对于日常语法知识的积累和运用，这类语法，短期很难突破，因为积累是一个过程，而语法更如同一个浩瀚的海洋，无法在短期内进行一个突飞猛进的变化，所以对于1-2个月的雅思考生来说，语法能够做的更多的就是避免错误，或者就是将语法的错误率，尽最大的可能，降至最低。
语法的多样性，其实讲究的是句子结构的变化，英语一共有四大组织结构，分别是简单句，并列句，复杂句，和并列复杂句【这里有的时候我们会把并列句称为复合句】。在绝大多数的情况下，考生需要将这些句型充分的运用到考试过程中，但是，只是会这些基本的句子结构，并不能够保证考生在雅思的考试过程中得到一个好的分数，所以需要考生学会更多的其他的句子类型。
第一句：
尽量以长句的方式展现，但必须点明话题和对象，保证审题的清晰
第二句：
不一定需要很复杂的句型，但是需要将关键的话题针对点，或者现象的问题所在，明确指出
第三句：
基本上，表达作者观点，也就是文章中心思想，文章中心思想在绝大多数情况下一定要保证完整，直接，清晰，少用代词表达，观点必须易懂，当然，如果观点是七三开或者五五开的情况下，句子可能会是一个复杂句型，但是，不建议使用并列复杂句。
中间段都是由不同的段落构成，对于句子的结构来说，中间段只有主题句和支持句这两个部分。但是从句子的形式上来说，主题句一定或者绝大多数情况下一定要用简单句呈现，而支持句则必须展现出丰富的句子变化，达到长短结合，形式结合，避免重复，这样就能够使你的句子结构能够得到一个很好的体现。
对于句子不是特别丰富的考生来说，必须要刻意培养这方面的写作意识，从而能够达到句子多样性的目的，提升雅思的分数。
雅思写作里状语提前是一种相当拿分的句式，遗憾的是很多考生却没有意识到：
所谓状语提前就是把一个由副词、介词、现在分词或动词不定式形成的小短语放在句首。这种句式最大的好处就是在一堆长句子里突然出现一个短语，让句子产生一种长短结合的节奏感。
剑桥例句：
状语提前 Because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age.
状语提前 Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspective in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.
状语提前 Unfortunately, professionals from other fields who make a much greater contribution to human society, are paid so much less that it is hard to disagree with the statement.
状语提前 In addition to the financial benefits, some jobs bring intellectually rewards.
类似的在地道英文中常见的状语前置词还有：
同样的道理，在雅思作文中，句子中间也经常可以引入一个小短语，让长句子显得更加灵活。
剑桥例句：
句中插入 This will affect the job market, which, after all, is a key target in any economic plan.
句中插入 Feelings about one's job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life, and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important.
句中插入 Sport stars and pop stars, for example, are soon replaced by the next younger, more energetic generation.
剑桥范文中有时也会在一句话的结尾安插一个小短语，给过长的句子增添一点"亲和力"。
剑桥例句：
句尾短语 A person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect.
句尾短语 Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labour relations may be poor, which leads to resentment and insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.
句尾短语 A sense of fulfilment is also encouraged if a worker feels the job is worth doing because it contributes to society or the economy as a whole.
副词在英语中可以用来修饰形容词、动词甚至全句。由于其用法的高度灵活性，剑桥考官频频用副词来丰富自己的句式。
剑桥例句：
副词修饰 It often seems that the amount of money they are able to earn in a short time cannot possibly be justified by the amount of work they do.
副词修饰 The gap between their earnings and those of people who work less selfishly for the good of society has been widening.
副词修饰 Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation.
副词修饰 A product's success cannot be solely attributed to its advertising.
在雅思作文中涉及讨论某问题的解决方案时常用表达：
这种语法现象很多考生都学过，但却往往忘记在雅思写作中使用。不过考官们可从来没忘记。
剑桥例句：
倒装句 Only in this way can this problem be effectively solved.
倒装句 We can see that not only are there very large differences between these economies, but that these gaps are widening.
倒装句 Strange as it may seem, parents' attention sometimes hinders students' academic development.
倒装句 Equally important to success in learning a foreign language is constant attention to details.
用it is … that … 或者it is … Who … 这两种强调句式，类似于中文的"正是……导致……"的意思。
剑桥例句：
强调句 It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops.
强调句 However, it is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries.
形式主语句型（注意区分和强调句的区别）：
使用虚拟语气是比较高的要求，但其实说白了就是用过去的时态表示现在或者将来的事情，表示语气弱化。在雅思作文中提建议的时候，虚拟语气相当常用。
剑桥例句：
虚拟语气 Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent.
虚拟语气 High quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation.
虚拟语气 If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person from the moment they were born.
如果一篇文章里全都是超级无敌长难句，将可能会让考官的心情变得十分沉重。长短句结合反而会让阅读你的文章变成一种享受。
剑桥例句：
长短句结合 There have to be fixed punishments for all crimes. However, criminal laws have to provide certain cases of exemptions.
长短句结合 Employees get job satisfaction in a number of ways. Firstly, a person needs to feel that they are doing valued and valuable work, so positive feedback from superiors is very important in this respect.
长短句结合 Of course, not everyone enjoys their work. Hard economic realities mean that many people have little choice in the kind of job they can get.
在国外大学里，一些有洁癖的"叫兽"们非常反对在学术文章中使用被动语态。但对雅思作文这种比较短小的essay来说，被动语态仍然是实现句式多样化的好方法之一。
剑桥例句：
被动语态 Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyalty to a team.
被动语态 Such professionals should be much better appreciated and better paid.
被动语态 In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required.
当然，也要注意不要过度使用被动语态。在雅思作文中被动形式只能是"小菜"，而"大餐"则仍然是主动语态。
Cambridge的范文作为IELTS范文中的极品，经常会使用同一个单词的不同形式来获得多样的效果。
这也是国内考生很不熟悉而剑桥考官却能用得相当精准的一种结构。"(be) + of + 抽象名词"的意思相当于其中的那个名词所对应的形容词，用来说明某种特征或属性。
剑桥例句：
of + 抽象名词 The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion.
of + 抽象名词 Of crucial importance is, in my view, how we define "responsible for bringing the children up".
of + 抽象名词 Some technology, such as weapons of mass destruction are of negative impact.
常跟的抽象名词有：
剑桥范文中还经常通过比较不同事物来调动一些特殊句型，比如too…to…（太……而不能……）；The + 比较级, the +比较级等。这些句型大家早就学过，但却"不屑"于在雅思写作文中使用，而在这方面，剑桥考官们却是绝对的实用主义者。
剑桥例句：
比较句型 For example, the population of some islands is too small to have normal schools. Rather than breaking up families by sending children to the mainland, education authorities have been able to use the Internet to deliver schooling.
比较句型 The more relaxed the learners, the better their language acquisition.
考官有时候甚至会用括号来打破长难句的单调感，虽然已经略显"流氓"，但其对于句式多样性的执着追求确实感人至深。
剑桥例句：
括号使用 By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives( the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not( a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.)
类似的在学术作文中完全可以接受而国内考生却极少使用的标点还有冒号： 与破折号—。
在地道英语中还有一种常见的习惯用法，是用the 加上一个形容词，泛指某一类人。
例句：
the + 形容词 One of the most effective ways to teach children about responsibilities is to encourage them to care for the poor and the needy.
常见的"the + 形容词"结构：