光华启迪英语组-薛老师

一、题目要求与审题

1. 常见题目形式：

这类题目通常会指出一个社会现象或问题，然后要求你：

  • 分析其原因 (causes / reasons)
  • 讨论其影响 (effects / impacts)
  • 提出解决方案 (solutions / measures)

2. 典型提问方式：

  • What are the reasons for this? What measures can be taken to solve this problem?
  • Why is this the case? What effects does this have on the society?
  • What problems does this cause? What solutions can you suggest to deal with this situation?

3. 审题关键：

  • 明确任务：一定要回答题目问的所有部分。如果题目问了原因和解决方案，你就必须两者都写，缺一不可。
  • 确定重心：Problems有时指原因，有时指负面影响，需根据上下文判断。通常，题目问什么就写什么。
  • 避免跑题：全文要紧扣题目中指出的现象，所有原因、影响和解决方案都必须直接与之相关。

二、开头段写作策略

开头段的目标是paraphrasing（改写）题目背景，并明确表明你接下来要写什么。

结构：背景引入 + 承题 + thesis statement（表明文章结构）

常见写法一（直接了当式）：

  1. 背景引入：用1-2句话，用自己的话重新表述题目中提到的现象（非常重要，展示语言能力）。
  2. 承题：承认这个现象的存在和严重性。
  3. 表明文章结构：清晰地说明本文将探讨其原因和解决方案。

Example:

题目：Many cities in the world are facing problems of traffic congestion. What are the causes of this? What measures can be taken to solve it?

In recent decades, metropolitan areas worldwide have been grappling with increasingly severe traffic gridlock. (背景引入) This issue not only tests the patience of commuters but also poses significant challenges to urban sustainability. (承题-问题的严重性) This essay will delve into the root causes of this pervasive problem before proposing a range of viable solutions. (清晰表明文章结构)

常见写法二（背景深入式）：

The rapid pace of urbanization has led to an exponential growth in the number of private vehicles on the roads, making traffic congestion a ubiquitous feature of modern city life. (背景引入+承题) Analyzing the fundamental reasons behind this phenomenon is crucial, and it is equally important to implement comprehensive strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. (表明文章结构)

三、中间段写作策略与高分句式（7.0+）

建议写两段主体段：一段专写原因和/或影响，另一段专写解决方案。逻辑上通常是先分析原因，再提出方案。

A. 分析原因段 (Analyzing Causes)

结构：主题句 + 原因1 + 扩展/举例 + 原因2 + 扩展/举例

高分主题句：

  • The primary catalysts for this issue are multifaceted, rooted mainly in...
  • Two of the most formidable contributors to this problem are A and B.
  • This predicament stems from a confluence of factors, primarily...

表达原因的7分+句式（避免只用because）:

1. 复杂名词性短语作主语：

  • The proliferation of private car ownership is a major underlying cause of traffic jams.
  • A lack of viable public transportation options compels residents to rely on personal vehicles.

2. Be attributed to / ascribed to (归因于)：

  • The problem can be largely attributed to inadequate urban planning and the absence of long-term vision.
  • Rising obesity rates are often directly ascribed to the prevalence of high-calorie, processed foods.

3. Stem from (源于)：

  • Many environmental issues stem from our heavy dependence on fossil fuels.
  • The sense of social isolation among the elderly stems largely from the breakdown of traditional family structures.

4. Be a breeding ground for / Fuel (比喻)：

  • Socioeconomic inequality is a breeding ground for social unrest.
  • The anonymity of the internet can fuel cyberbullying and hate speech.

B. 分析影响段 (Analyzing Effects) - 如果题目要求

结构：主题句 + 影响1 (最好分短期/长期) + 影响2

高分句式：

Traffic congestion has a ripple effect on the local economy, leading to lost productivity and increased costs for businesses.

Excessive screen time exerts a profoundly detrimental impact on children's cognitive development and social skills.

Climate change poses a formidable threat to global food security and biodiversity.

Urban sprawl precipitates a host of problems, such as habitat destruction and increased pollution levels.

分析影响段核心词汇提炼

英文词汇/短语 中文解释 例句
ripple effect 连锁反应 Traffic congestion has a ripple effect on the local economy, leading to lost productivity and increased costs for businesses.
detrimental impact 有害影响 Excessive screen time exerts a profoundly detrimental impact on children's cognitive development and social skills.
formidable threat 巨大威胁 Climate change poses a formidable threat to global food security and biodiversity.
precipitate a host of problems 引发一系列问题 Urban sprawl precipitates a host of problems, such as habitat destruction and increased pollution levels.
Analyzing Effects 分析影响 Analyzing Effects requires considering both short-term and long-term consequences.
short-term/long-term 短期/长期 When analyzing impacts, it's important to distinguish between short-term disruptions and long-term consequences.

C. 提出解决方案段 (Proposing Solutions)

结构：主题句 + 方案1 (由谁做+怎么做) + 方案2 + 方案3 (可选)

高分主题句：

  • Tackling this issue requires a multi-pronged approach involving both governmental intervention and individual responsibility.
  • While the problem is complex, a combination of technological innovation and policy reform could potentially mitigate its severity.

提出方案的7分+句式：

1. Implement / Introduce / Enforce (实施/引入/执行)：

  • Governments should enforce stricter regulations on industrial waste disposal.
  • A promising solution would be to introduce subsidies for renewable energy projects.

2. Tackle/Address/Combat the issue from another angle (从另一角度解决问题)：

To combat the issue from another angle, raising public awareness through educational campaigns is equally crucial.

3. It is imperative that... / A key measure would be to... (imperative表示必要的）：

  • It is imperative that authorities invest heavily in expanding and modernizing public transport infrastructure.
  • A key measure would be to incentivize eco-friendly practices through tax reductions.

4. 虚拟语气（表示建议）：

If governments were to allocate more resources to renewable energy research, we would likely see a significant reduction in carbon emissions in the long run.

5. 强调合作：

A collaborative effort between policymakers, educators, and parents is essential to effectively address this challenge.

四、结尾段写作策略

结尾段不要引入新信息，只需总结全文并升华观点（展望未来/强调重要性）。

结构：总结原因 + 总结方案 + 升华/展望

经典结构句式：

In conclusion, while traffic congestion is primarily driven by rapid urbanization and insufficient public transport, it is by no means an insurmountable challenge. (总结原因) The most viable solutions lie in a commitment to improving infrastructure and promoting alternative transport modes. (总结方案) Ultimately, a concerted effort from both the government and the public is paramount to creating more livable and sustainable urban environments for future generations. (升华展望)

如何升华：

  • 强调紧迫性：Given the far-reaching implications of this issue, immediate and decisive action is not just preferable but essential.
  • 展望未来：If the proposed measures are adopted proactively, we can be cautiously optimistic about reversing the current trend and securing a brighter future.
  • 提出反思：Ultimately, addressing this problem necessitates a fundamental shift in our mindset from short-term convenience to long-term sustainability.